Wim . What is "lowballing?" /Subtype /Type0 Congratulations on this excellent venture what a great idea! What is social loafing? 269273 . We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. Naive scientist b. >> But the problem remains that although these shortcuts could not compare to effortful thoughts in accuracy, people should have a certain parameter to help them adopt one of the most adequate shortcuts. /Widths [250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 333 What are its consequences? ]"&4v >> In what ways do we view members of our In-group differently from out-groups? /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is Copyright 2009-2022, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. -When alone, when a situation is physically dangerous for the victim. It is an important concept in social cognition theory and . The brain in your pocket: evidence that smartphones are used to supplant thinking . -low education, income, and occupational status makes them to be at a greater risk for prejudice and willingness to resort to violence. -Social loafing: where individuals become less productive in groups Stereotype, as a phenomenon, has become a standard topic in sociology and social psychology.[14]. \end{array} What topics are of interest to Social Psychologists? /ca 1 22 0 obj What is the purpose of the accounting cycle? If AAA and BBB are events, then P(AB)P(B)P(A|B)\le P(B)P(AB)P(B). << What percentage showed complete compliance? -Examples: sports events. >> ORDER EFFECTS: order in which information about person is presented can have profound impact on impression, Primacy: information presented first disproportionately influenceimpression (stronger & more common). Introducing Cram Folders! The term stereotype is thus introduced: people have to reconstruct the complex situation on a simpler model before they can cope with it, and the simpler model can be regarded as stereotype. /Encoding /Identity-H /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Widths [278] What sort of characteristics go together to form certain types of personality? -2008 first black president >> /Type /Group If there were many suppliers of diamonds, what would be the price and quantity? >> System 2 may also have no clue to the error. /F1 21 0 R [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] the degree to which something is extreme) is How did Asch study conformity? \hline \$ 8,000 & 5,000 \text { diamonds } \\ /F2 22 0 R >> /CS /DeviceRGB Learn moreOpens in new window, Self-Inference Processes: The Ontario Symposium, Volume 6. ->Temne: food accumulating, shared resources, more confomity come up with 6 examples - YES come up with 12 examples- NO, try to adjust for anchor but never adjust enough, testing hypothesis by seeking out the cases that match the hypothesis. endobj It spans a topic. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Cognitive miser". << >> c. Cognitive miser model d. Nave scientist model 6. 23417270. free . /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] [11] Through the study of causal attributions, led by Harold Kelley and Bernard Weiner amongst others, social psychologists began to observe that subjects regularly demonstrate several attributional biases including but not limited to the fundamental attribution error. /S /Transparency /Dialogsheet /Part /Type /Font >> [2], The metaphor of the cognitive miser assumes that the human mind is limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. -Discrimination:negative behavior to members of out groups. What does meta-analysis discover about cultural differences in conformity and aggression. -Holistic thinking: focuses on the surroundings, central figure and foreground The cognitive miser theory thus has implications for persuading the public: attitude formation is a competition between people's value systems and prepositions (or their own interpretive schemata) on a certain issue, and how public discourses frame it. Essentially, they ask themselves this: "Based on what I know about the candidate personally, what is the probability that this presidential candidate was a good governor? [12], The study of attributions had two effects: it created further interest in testing the naive scientist and opened up a new wave of socialpsychology research that questioned its explanatory power. >> attribution theory participants can and do use complex systems but only under /Tabs /S affects the amount of effort we invest searching for information to test hypothesis, Lifespan and Development Chapters 1-8 Midterm, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. What is social comparison theory? Built within the framework of self-categorization, researchers believe that people employ categorical thinking to make sense of the social world. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 20 0 obj That is to say, people live in a second-handed world with mediated reality, where the simplified model for thinking (i.e., stereotypes) could be created and maintained by external forces. /Parent 2 0 R The metaphor of cognitive misers could assist people in drawing lessons from risks, which is the possibility that an undesirable state of reality may occur. /GS7 27 0 R nave scientist cognitive miser motivated tactician outgroup homogeneity Previous question Next question miser 2) cognitive load = heuristics don't require much thought, can be made on 'availability' eg. continued demands and government responses are therefore unfair, racism is wrong, my beliefs are not racist they are based on facts /Tabs /S 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R] /Parent 2 0 R 3,000 & 10,000 \\ /Contents [46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R] Stereotypes are formed from the outside sources which identified with people's own interests and can be reinforced since people could be impressed by those facts that fit their philosophy. [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. 667 556 611 722 722 944 0 0 0 333 This perspective assumes that detailed, deliberate processing is costly or expensive in terms of psychological resources, and our resource capacity is limited. Due to the seemingly smooth current situation, people unconsciously adjusted their acceptance of risk; People tend to over-express their faith and confidence to backup systems and safety devices; People regard complicated technical systems in line with complicated governing structures; If concerned with the certain issue, people tend to spread good news and hide bad news; People tend to think alike if they are in the same field (see also: System 1 generates suggestions for System 2, with impressions, intuitions, intentions or feelings; If System 1's proposal is endorsed by System 2, those impressions and intuitions will turn into beliefs, and the sudden inspiration generated by System 1 will turn into voluntary actions; When everything goes smoothly (as is often the case), System 2 adopts the suggestions of System 1 with little or no modification. >> /Resources << Gordon Pennycook . >> When processing with System 1 which start automatically without control, people expend little or even no effort, but can generate complex patterns of ideas. 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R traits associated with the stereotype. /ExtGState << /Group << [28] [29] The less expertise citizens have on an issue initially, the more likely they will rely on these shortcuts. by Emma2201, /StructParents 2 /F1 21 0 R /StructParents 1 Rossi . /F4 24 0 R [34], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dual process theory in psychology. What is what? 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R How did the Robber's Cave researchers reduce inter-group hostility? /F2 22 0 R /GS8 28 0 R Nathaniel . Voters use small amounts of personal information to construct a narrative about candidates. What are its three components of prejudice? /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Font << stream The process of understanding what something is by knowing 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 500 500 The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. What is social facilitation? -"Blacks should not push themselves where they are not wanted" (1/5) >> [23], Cognitive misers could also be one of the contributors to the prisoner's dilemma in gaming theory. 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 (John, Hampson, & Goldberg, Theories about the human personality have been brought up since the early ages of psychology. >> Errors can be prevented only by enhanced monitoring of System 2, which costs a plethora of cognitive efforts. /F4 24 0 R In democracies, where no vote is weighted more or less because of the expertise behind its casting, low-information voters, acting as cognitive misers, can have broad and potentially deleterious choices for a society. >> Here is an example of how people's belief are formed under the dual process model in several steps: The reasoning process can be activated to help with the intuition when: Conflicts also exists in this dual-process. >> [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. [9], In order to meet these needs, nave scientists make attributions. << . Naive scientistHeider (1958a) argued that ordinary people are scientific, rational thinkers who make causal attributions using similar processes to those of scientists.NarcissismIndividual differences variable characterized by extremely high but insecure levels of self-esteem. How do dissonance reduction and self-justification affect prejudice and discrimination? /F3 23 0 R ->Collectivist cultures show more conformity, Psych Guide #10 - Health / Stress and Abnorma, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. /Type /Group What is the Fundamental Attribution Error? If you (or your child) are prone to any of these, you just might be a cognitive miser:. /Type /Group -How humans think and behave like they do, Briefly describe the history of this area of psychology. /Type /Page To reduce prejudice, what situations need to be established? /BaseFont /Times-Roman 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R] 16 0 obj What characterizes the central route and what kinds of decisions are involved? [32] People apply a number of shortcuts or heuristics in making judgements about the likelihood of an event, because the rapid answers provided by heuristics are often right. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] -Attention: Americans focus on objects, Japanese focused on the context (spatial orientation) /Tabs /S [clarificationneeded] Errors can be prevented only by enhanced monitoring of System 2, which costs a plethora of cognitive efforts. Rather than using an in-depth understanding of scientific topics, people make decisions based on other shortcuts or heuristics such as ideological predistortions or cues from mass media, and therefore use only as much information as necessary. People are fully engaged in their thought processes, and choose between a number of different cognitive strategies depending on which best suits their current goals, motives, and needs b. 5 [166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R 170 0 R 171 0 R 172 0 R 173 0 R 174 0 R 175 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R /Parent 2 0 R *P?9-(A4wP"gr=I
@OkZR+tfOBT$!/47(}X0N>q*0@pa 6G$B3WG$ucj?d7tN%1LiWmqw orY;M#a~)vTiU o2"yHaUr@JiilHcGo'5"I;Y?D-'y~ /CS /DeviceRGB /ParentTree 19 0 R Much of the cognitive miser theory is built upon work done on heuristics in judgment and decision-making,[15] most notably Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman results published in a series of influential articles. [31] Audiences' attitude change is closely connected with relabeling or re-framing the certain issue. /Title (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test Bank) /Contents 41 0 R << The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 286. /F2 22 0 R What characterizes the peripheral route and what kinds of decisions are involved? << What is the Sensation vs Perception Bias? << >> endobj [3] This view holds that evolution makes the brain's allocation and use of cognitive resources extremely embarrassing. How can group work be designed to enhance performance and minimize social loafing? I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. -"I told the other participant I liked the task and I got pad only one dollar to do so, so I must've actually liked it". /F3 23 0 R -Treatment: appoint a devils advocate. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Group << /CA 1 /Font << [5] [6] These shortcuts include the use of schemas, scripts, stereotypes, and other simplified perceptual strategies instead of careful thinking. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278] What are In-groups and Out-groups? Under what conditions are people most likely to help? /Chart /Sect What is the Twenty Statements Test (TST)? Describe his findings. /Resources << 14 0 obj You could also do it yourself at any point in time. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Much of the cognitive miser theory is built upon work done on heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making,[15][pageneeded] most notably AmosTversky and DanielKahneman results published in a series of influential articles. /Annots [51 0 R] -Pluralistic ignorance: error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do >> 24 0 obj /Type /Group /F4 24 0 R >> Consistency seeker: motivated by perceived discrepancies among their cognitions. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] -Social facilitation: enhancement of performance brought out by the presence of others -Summer camp for boys with two groups, they had flags and motto's etc membership. /BM /Normal /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 0 0 0 611 611 667 0 611 611 722 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R [30] Further, people spend less cognitive effort in buying toothpaste than they do when picking a new car, and that difference in information-seeking is largely a function of the costs.[31]. The basic principle is to save mental energy as much as possible, even when it is required to "use your head". /F4 24 0 R Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. endobj [10][pageneeded] Thus, attribution theory emerged from the study of the ways in which individuals assess causal relationships and mechanisms. 12 0 obj [2][34] Yet certain pitfalls may be neglected in these shortcuts. However, other psychologists also argue that the cognitively miserly tendency of humans is a primary reason why "humans are often less than rational". Describe his findings. The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain when and why people are cognitive misers. /FontDescriptor 365 0 R Cognitive miserliness was first proposed as a model for human thinking in 1984 by psychologists Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in their book Social Cognition. endobj Daniel Kahneman described these as intuitive (System 1) and reasoning (System 2) respectively.[35]. 7 0 obj /S /Transparency heuristics in judgment and decision-making, Human inference: strategies and shortcomings of social judgment, Like goes with like: the role of representativeness in erroneous and pseudoscientific beliefs, Science and selection: essays on biological evolution and the philosophy of science, 3 MESSAGES AND HEURISTICS: HOW AUDIENCES FORM ATTITUDES ABOUT EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government. ], People tend to use heuristic shortcuts when making decisions. Which is viewed as more homogeneous? /CS /DeviceRGB -In group: (us) A brief example provided by Kahneman is that when we try not to stare at the oddly dressed couple at the neighboring table in a restaurant, our automatic reaction (System 1) makes us stare at them, but conflicts emerge as System 2 tries to control this behavior. endobj /Type /ExtGState -Social comparison: idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people -Self-justification: justifying destructive behaviors What kinds of errors occur when we don't process all relevant information? /ToUnicode 367 0 R The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain how and why people are cognitive misers. 29 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] -A model that accounts for the two basic ways that attitude change occurs - with and without much thought. /StructParents 6 Since cooperators offer to play more often, and fellow cooperators will also more often accept their offer, the researchers arrived at the consensus that cooperators would have a higher expected payoff compared with defectors when certain boundary conditions are met. as a representative of a group or an individual separate from any category << 1) time - short of time = use cog. [22] However, as Lau and Redlawsk note, acting as cognitive miser who employs heuristics can have very different results for high-information and low-information voters. "[19] In their work, Kahneman and Tversky demonstrated that people rely upon different types of heuristics or mental short cuts in order to save time and mental energy. /F4 24 0 R /Type /Page [2], The metaphor of the cognitive miser assumes that the human mind is limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. A schema is a cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information. Sometimes leads us to hold on to incorrect and negativebeliefs/schemas. The basic principle is to save mental energy as much as possible, even when it is required to "use your head". What is the actor-observer bias? /Contents [29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R] Fiske and Taylor (1984) used the term "cognitive miser" to refer to broad tendencies to resist new ideas, to minimize effortful thought, and to avoid revising one's beliefs. [>>>] Once a category is activated we tend t see members as possessing all the What is an attribution? /CS /DeviceRGB Naive scientist Cognitive miser A and B This kind of categorical thinking give meaning to social stimuli under adverse or difficult processing conditions.[40]. The nave scientist and attribution theory Further information: Attribution theory Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. People can be cognitive misers over naive scientists but the Here is an example of how people's belief are formed under the dual process model in several steps: The reasoning process can be activated to help with the intuition when: Conflicts also exists in this dual-process. 4 [139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R /S /Transparency /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] How does a "cognitive miser" reason? HWKoFW. According to Walter Lippmann's arguments in his classic book Public Opinion,[13] people are not equipped to deal with complexity. Pennycook . /Lang (en-US) /Diagram /Figure -Those with analytical thinking were more likely to focus on attributions of the individual person and vice versa. [33] People apply a number of shortcuts or heuristics in making judgements about the likelihood of an event, because the rapid answers provided by heuristics are often right. endobj -They would overbook places, give one group food that was better, etc. [5][6] These shortcuts include the use of schemas, scripts, stereotypes, and other simplified perceptual strategies instead of careful thinking. /Tabs /S /DescendantFonts [366 0 R] How do responses on the TST illustrate the characteristics of different cultures? where ttt is the time in seconds since the ball was thrown. /F2 22 0 R DanielKahneman described these as intuitive (System 1) and reasoning (System 2) respectively.[36]. Does a cognitive miser use automatic processing (system 1/intuitive) or controlled processing (or system 2/analytical/)? meaning, it reduces uncertainty and helps us to predict social behaviours Schemas can be useful because they allow us to take shortcuts when interpret Schemas are mental structures people use to organize knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects. Interests require cognitive attention, even calculation. >> What is an internal versus an external attribution? [9] Some of these heuristics include: The frequency with which Kahneman and Tversky and other attribution researchers found the individuals employed mental shortcuts to make decisions and assessments laid important groundwork for the overarching idea that individuals and their minds act efficiently instead of analytically. [30] Framing theory suggest that the same topic will result in different interpretations among audience, if the information is presented in different ways. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Font << -Americans had no problems with the original tst, easterners struggled until the second test when there was a group setting. /Group << central traits that affect interpretation of later traits? /Type /Page economic zones to fisheries. How did the experimenters increase inter-group hostility between the two groups of boys? /GS7 27 0 R /GS8 28 0 R What is cognitive dissonance? /Type /Group /StructParents 0 /F1 21 0 R << [8] In this way, humans were thought to think like scientists, albeit nave ones, measuring and analyzing the world around them. Instead, Fiske, Taylor, and ArieW.Kruglanski and other social psychologists offer an alternative explanation of social cognition: the motivatedtactician. would sanctify the pursuit of selfinterest. [4] Usually people do not think rationally or cautiously, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments. /BaseFont /Times-Bold The last chapter ended with a new model of the social knower, able to function strategically as either naive scientist or cognitive miser. >> To install click the Add extension button. during socialrejection/inclusion, IMPRESSION: an idea, feeling, or opinion about something orsomeone, especially one formed without conscious thought or onthe basis of little evidence, PERSON PERCEPTION: the process through which people observeother people, interpret information about them, draw inferencesabout them, & develop mental representations of them, provides the basis for the way we think, feel, and behavetowards others, physical characteristics (e.g. >> << a. Before this, human thinking was. Which of the following is a theoretical example of a consistency seeker model of social cognition? [2] In other words, humans are more inclined to act as cognitive misers using mental short cuts to make assessments and decisions, about issues and ideas about which they know very little as well as issues of great salience. In addition to streamlining cognition in complicated, analytical tasks, the cognitive miser approach is also used when dealing with unfamiliar issues and issues of great importance. -Obedience: submission to authority /Group << "[13] That is to say, people live in a second-handed world with mediated reality, where the simplified model for thinking (i.e., stereotypes) could be created and maintained by external forces. /F1 21 0 R [1] Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. "Errors and biases in our impressions of others are caused by motivations." This is true in what view of the social thinker? Introducing Cram Folders! -Cognitive component: stereotypes >> basically pick one or the other depending on which one the situation favours. The implications of this theory raise important questions about both cognition and humanbehavior. Jennifer A. . 0 333 0 667 556 833 667 722 0 0 What percentage of the population exhibits racist attitudes? >> . << /GS7 27 0 R stream
<< *p ~02Q*PGZxO`'HiY<6\Ud"I$;4L`cp{-Yl o A brief example provided by Kahneman is that when we try not to stare at the oddly dressed couple at the neighboring table in a restaurant, our automatic reaction (System 1) makes us stare at them, but conflicts emerge as System 2 tries to control this behavior. [25] However, the relationship between information and attitudes towards scientific issues are not empirically supported. Describe Anchoring & Adjustment Heuristic: audio not yet available for this language, NAIVE SCIENTIST: people use rational scientific-like cause-effectanalyses to understand the world, COGNITIVE MISER: people use the least complex & demandingcognitions that are able to produce generally adaptivebehaviours, IMPRESSION FORMATION: the way in which we developperceptions of a person, Personality Recency: information presented later has more impact thanearlier information, Self schema: individualised knowledge structures about the self, {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":true,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"Week 3 Social Psychology","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/week-3-social-psychology-7549740","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. 12 [337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R social Introducing Ask an Expert DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert [16] [17] [18] Heuristics can be defined as the "judgmental shortcuts that generally get us where we need to goand quicklybut at the cost of occasionally sending us off course. Acting as a cognitive miser should lead those with expertise in an area to more efficient information processing and streamlined decision making. Framing theory suggest that the same topic will result in different interpretations among audience, if the information is presented in different ways. [13] People's behavior is not based on direct and certain knowledge, but pictures made or given to them. /Font << 72 0 R] /Tabs /S >> Unfortunately for this moral responsibility refuge, natural science has now scouted this cognitive corner. Versailles Co., a womens clothing store, purchased $18,000\$18,000$18,000 of merchandise from a supplier on account, terms FOB destination, 2/102/102/10, n/30\text{n}/30n/30. [2][20], Voting behavior in democracies are an arena in which the cognitive miser is at work. %
/CS /DeviceRGB Positive impressions are typically formed in the absence of any(negative) information, more easily changed in light of subsequent negative info, Negative impressions are formed when there is any sign ofnegative information, difficult to change in light of subsequent positive information, we are biased towards negativity WHY? 2 [91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R What is in-group bias? [9][pageneeded]. -O6'3:gLM./HP7f_Pm.Td]o>/pv/%]*+x/v]s&huL?tF&|A{>[#ncBq7_ \* gUF g53sV{jwL~*Q?L"\Nc7S;Jv_TO#,$=wa)3bpmn0`n^m9s;'g0lOwPO qu?tv,. endobj >> endobj /CS /DeviceRGB /Resources << (1950s) a. > unusual & distinctive attracts our attention> signifies potential danger detection has survival value. 20 . How pervasive is prejudice today? How does the presence of others affect a task that is difficult/not well practiced? %PDF-1.3 Activated actor c. Cognitive miser d. Motivated tactician 11. naive scientist vs cognitive misercan low magnesium kill you. >> What is the motivation of the cognitive miser? << variability, when the category is. The nave scientist is someone who believes that they can understand the world through observation and experiment. /F4 24 0 R category based and other attribute based, on this continuum people can be perceived An event is detected to violate the model of world that System 1 maintains. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Although Lippmann did not directly define the term cognitive miser, stereotypes have important functions in simplifying people's thinking process. Stereotypes are formed from the outside sources which identified with people's own interests and can be reinforced since people could be impressed by those facts that fit their philosophy. 9 0 obj << endobj The nave scientist and attribution theory, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 09:14, heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making, JournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology, "Likegoeswithlike:theroleofrepresentativenessinerroneousandpseudoscientificbeliefs", "Communicatingscienceinsocialsettings", "3MESSAGESANDHEURISTICS:HOWAUDIENCESFORMATTITUDESABOUTEMERGINGTECHNOLOGIES", "Thesocial-cognitivebasesofscientificknowledge", "Bats,balls,andsubstitutionsensitivity:cognitivemisersarenohappyfools", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195341140.003.0004, Heuristicsinjudgmentanddecision-making.